Studies in the theory of international trade Catalogue en ligne

In this book, originally published in 1937, Jacob Viner traces, in a series of studies of contemporary source-material, the evolution of the modern orthodox theory of international trade from its beginnings in the revolt against English mercantilism in the 17th and 18th centuries, through the English currency and tariff controversies of the 19th century, to the late 20th century. The author offers a detailed examination of controversies in the technical literature centering on important propositions of the classical and neo-classical economists relating to the theory of the mechanism of international trade and the theory of gain from trade.

Note de contenu :

Contents
Preface
STUDIES IN THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Chapter I: ENGLISH THEORIES OF FOREIGN TRADE, BEFORE ADAM SMITH: I
I. Introduction
II. “Mercantilism” and “Bullionism”
III. The Balance-of-Trade Doctrine
IV. Reasons for Wanting More Bullion
V. Employment and the Balance of Trade
Chapter II: ENGLISH THEORIES OF FOREIGN TRADE, BEFORE ADAM SMITH: II
I. Legislative Proposals of Mercantilists
II. The Collapse of Mercantilist Doctrine
III. Some Modern Interpretations of English Mercantilism
Chapter III: THE BULLIONIST CONTROVERSIES: I. THE INFLATION PHASE
I. The Participants in the Controversy
II. The Factual Background
III. Premium on Bullion as Evidence of Excess Issue: The Bullionist Position
IV. Qualifications Conceded by the Bullionists
V. Possible Objections to the Bullionist Position
VI. The Anti-Bullionist Position
VII. The Balance of Payments Argument
VIII. The Possibility of Excess Issue by Banks
IX. Responsibility for the Excess Issue: Bank of England vs. Country Banks
X. Responsibility for Excess Issue: the Credit Policy of the Bank of England
Chapter IV: THE BULLIONIST CONTROVERSIES: II. THE DEFLATION PHASE
I. The Resumption of Cash Payments
II. Responsibility of Resumption for the Fall in Prices
III. The Economic Effect of Changing Price Levels
IV. Ricardo's Position on the Gold Standard
V. Reform Without Departure from the Metallic Standard
VI. Paper Standard Currencies
Chapter V: ENGLISH CURRENCY CONTROVERSIES, 1825–1865
I. Introduction
II. The “Currency School” -“Banking School” Controversy
III. The “Palmer Rule”
IV. The Bank Act of 1844
V. The Possibility of Overissue of Convertible Bank Notes
VI. The Role of Deposits, Bills of Exchange, and “Credit” in the Currency System
VII. The Technique of Credit Control
VIII. The Relation Between Bank of England Operations and Specie Movements
IX. Currency Reform Proposals
Chapter VI: THE INTERNATIONAL MECHANISM UNDER A SIMPLE SPECIE CURRENCY
I. Introductory
II. The Mechanism According to Hume
III. An Omitted Factor? Relative Changes in Demand as an Equilibrating Force
IV. Prices in the Mechanism: the Concept of “Price Levels”
V. The “Terms-of-Trade” Concept
VI. The Prices of “Domestic” Commodities
VII. The Mechanism of Transfer of Unilateral Payments in Some Recent Literature
VIII. A Graphical Examination of Pigou's Analysis1
IX. Some Elaborations on the Basis of Pigou's Analysis
X. An Alternative Solution
XI. Types of Disturbance in International Equilibrium
XII. Specie Movements and Velocity of Money
XIII. Commodity Flows and Relative Price Levels
XIV. Exchange Rates
XV. A Criticism of the Purchasing-power Parity Theory1
Chapter VII: THE INTERNATIONAL MECHANISM IN RELATION TO MODERN BANKING PROCESSES
I. Automatic vs. Managed Currencies
II. Primary and Secondary Expansion of Means of Payments
III. Short-Term Loans in the International Mechanism
IV. Primary and Secondary Expansion in Canada, 1900–13
V. The International Mechanism and Business Cycles
Chapter VIII: GAINS FROM TRADE: THE DOCTRINE OF COMPARATIVE COSTS
I. The Nature and Origin of the Doctrine
II. The Division of the Gain from Trade
III. Trade in More Than two Commodities
IV. Trade Between More Than two Countries
V. Transportation Costs
VI. Increasing and Decreasing Costs
VII. Prices, Money Costs, and Real Costs
VIII. Dependence of Comparative Cost Doctrine on A Real-Cost Theory of Value
IX. Differences in Wage Rates in Different Occupations
X. Variable Proportions of the Factors and International Specialization
XI. Variable Proportions of the Factor and Comparative Real Costs
XII. “Opportunity Cost” Analysis as a Substitute for Real Cost Analysis
Chapter IX: GAINS FROM TRADE: THE MAXIMIZATION OF REAL INCOME
I. “Mass of Commodities” and “Sum of Enjoyments”: Ricardo and Malthus
II. Reciprocal Demand and the Terms of Trade
III. Terms of Trade and the Amount of Gain From Trade
IV. “Net Benefit” in International Trade: Marshall
V. Total Net Utility Derived from International Trade: Edgeworth
VI. The Gain from Trade Measured in Money
Appendix
A NOTE ON THE SCOPE AND METHOD OF THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
BIBLIOGRAPHY1
I. Works cited in chapters I and II
(a) primary sources of known authorship, by authors
(b) primary sources of unknown authorship
(c) secondary sources
II. Works Cited in Remainder of Book
(a) works of known authorship
(b) works of unknown authorship

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